Basics of tone languages: definition, production of tones, tonal notations, tone contrasts, number and types of tones, level tones, contour tones, relationship to laryngeal features; Theories of tone: autosegmental theory, optimality theory; Tonal typology: African languages, Asian languages, American languages; Indian tone typology: Punjabi and Sindhi, Bodo-Garo, Tani languages, Naga languages.
