body {
    font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
}

header, nav, main, footer {
    padding: 20px;
    text-align: center;
}

/* Add more styles as needed */
/****************************************header section **********************************************************/
.hero-header {
    background: url('research.jpg') no-repeat center center;
    background-size: cover; /* Keeps it covering fully */
    /*background-position: top center; /* Adjust to keep the focus area */
    color: white;
    padding: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 30vh;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    position: sticky;
    top: 0;
    z-index:1000000;
    transition: height 0.5s ease-in-out; /* Slower transition for smooth effect */
}


/* Header Content Box */
.header-content {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    width: 70%;
    height: 12vh;
    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); /* Semi-transparent overlay */
    padding: 15px;
    border-radius: 10px;
    transition: padding 1.5s ease-in-out; /* Smooth shrinking effect */

}

/* Ensure smooth centering of h1 */
.header-text {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    transition: all 1.2s ease-in-out;
}

.header-text h1 {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 1.8rem;
    transition: font-size 1s ease-in-out, transform 1s ease-in-out;
    transform: translateY(0);
}

/* h2 and h3 initial styles */
.header-text h2, .header-text h3 {
    margin: 5px 0;
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
    transition: opacity 1.2s ease-in-out, visibility 1.2s ease-in-out;
}


/* Logo Container (Outside the Overlay) */
.logo-container {
    position: absolute;
    right: 55px; /* Adjust as needed */
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%); /* Keeps logo vertically centered */
    transition: opacity 1.5s ease-in-out; /* Smooth fade-out */
}

/* Initial Styles */
.logo-snmg {
    position: absolute;
    right: 77%;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    height: 14vh;
    opacity: 0.85;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    transition: height 1.2s ease-in-out, right 1.2s ease-in-out;
}

.logo-snmg img.logo {
    height: 100%;
    width: auto;
    border-radius: 10px;
    object-fit: contain;
    transition: height 1.2s ease-in-out;
}


.header-logo {
    max-height: auto; /* Adjust based on logo size */
    width: 120px;
}


/* Shrinking Header */
.hero-header.shrink-header {
    height: 10vh; /* Shrinks header when scrolled */
    background-size: cover; /* Keeps background responsive */
}

/* When scrolling, reduce the padding */
.hero-header.shrink-header .header-content {
    padding: 5px;
    height: 8vh;
}

/* Header Text */
.header-text {
    text-align: center;
    transition: opacity 1.5s ease-in-out, transform 1.5s ease-in-out;
}

/* Shrink text size when scrolling */
.hero-header.shrink-header .header-text h1 {
    font-size: 1.2rem; /* Reduce size */
    transform: translateY(27px); /* Adjust slightly down for visual centering */
    position: relative;
    
}

/* Center main text vertically clearly when scrolled */
.hero-header.shrink-header .header-text {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
}


/* Hide the logo when scrolling */
.hero-header.shrink-header .logo-container {
    opacity: 0;
}

.hero-header.shrink-header .header-text h2,
.hero-header.shrink-header .header-text h3 {
    opacity: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
    
}

/* Hide the logo when scrolling */
.hero-header.shrink-header .logo-snmg {
    height: 8vh;
    right: 79%;
}


/************************************header section end**********************************************************/




/*********************************** Style the navigation menu ****************************************************/
/* Style the top navigation */
.topnav {
    background-color: #ffffff; /* Dark background */
    overflow: visible;
    position: fixed; /* Stay on top */
    width: 98.9%;
    top: 0;
    z-index: 1000000;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    font-size: 16px;
    transition: top 0s ease; /* Smooth transition for any top value adjustments */
}

.topnav a, .dropdown-btn {
    padding: 14px 16px;
    color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
    text-decoration: none;
    display: block;
    transition: background-color 0.00003s;
    z-index: 1000000;
    border-radius: 10px;
    margin-top: 5px;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px rgba(112, 109, 109, 0.689);
}

.topnav a:hover, .dropdown-content a:hover {
    background-color: #825732;
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
}

/* Dropdown styles */
.dropdown {
    position: relative; /* Necessary for absolute positioning of dropdown content */
}

.menuPanel {
    opacity: 0;
    top: 100%;
    position: absolute;
    background-color: #f9f9f9;
    min-width: 200px;
    pointer-events: none;
    box-shadow: 0px 8px 16px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
    z-index: 1000001;
}

.menuPanel a {
    float: none;
    color: black;
    padding: 12px 16px;
    text-decoration: none;
    display: block;
    text-align: left;
    z-index: 1000001;
}

/* Slide down animation */
.menuPanel.slide-down {
    animation: slideDown 0.4s forwards ease;
    pointer-events: auto;
    opacity: 1;
}
  
/* Slide up animation */
.menuPanel.slide-up {
    animation: slideUp 0.4s forwards ease;
    pointer-events: none;
    opacity: 0;
}
  
@keyframes slideDown {
    0% {
      height: 0;
      opacity: 0;
    }
    100% {
      height: 200px;
      opacity: 1;
    }
}
  
@keyframes slideUp {
    0% {
      height: 200px;
      opacity: 1;
    }
    100% {
      height: 0;
      opacity: 0;
    }
}


.dropdown-icon {
    font-size: 0.75em;
    transition: transform 0.4s ease;
    display: inline-block;   /* Important for transform to work */
    
}



.dropdown-icon.rotate {
    transform: rotate(180deg);
}




/************************************************navigation end************************************************/




/* ==========================================================================
           Full Research Page Styles (with Modal Galleries)
           ========================================================================== */

        /* --- Universal Settings --- */
        body {
            font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
            background-color: #f8f9fa;
            color: #333;
            margin: 0;
            -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
            -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
            text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
        }

        body.no-scroll {
            overflow: hidden;
        }

        /* --- Main Content & Header (No Changes Here) --- */
        .research-content-container { max-width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 20px 40px 20px; }
        .research-header { position: relative; padding: 60px 40px; margin-top: 80px; margin-bottom: 50px; border-radius: 15px; overflow: hidden; color: #fff; background: url('https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1532187863486-abf9dbad1b69?q=80&w=2070&auto=format&fit=crop') no-repeat center center/cover; }
        .header-overlay { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background: linear-gradient(45deg, rgba(0, 58, 112, 0.85), rgba(23, 107, 135, 0.8)); z-index: 1; }
        .header-content { position: relative; z-index: 2; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 40px; }
        .header-title-column { flex: 0 0 auto; }
        .header-title-column h1 { font-size: 4rem; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.1; margin: 0; text-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.3); }
        .header-description-column { flex-grow: 1; }
        .description-box { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); padding: 25px 30px; border-radius: 10px; backdrop-filter: blur(5px); }
        .description-box p { font-size: 1.2rem; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0; }
        
        /* --- Research Cards (No Changes Here) --- */
        .research-topics-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(320px, 1fr)); gap: 30px; }
        .research-card { background-color: #ffffff; border-radius: 12px; padding: 35px; box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07); border-top: 4px solid #007bff; display: flex; flex-direction: column; transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease; }
        .research-card:hover { transform: translateY(-12px) scale(1.02); box-shadow: 0 25px 50px rgba(0, 58, 112, 0.18); }
        .card-icon-container { font-size: 2.5rem; width: 70px; height: 70px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; border-radius: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px; background: linear-gradient(45deg, #007bff, #0056b3); color: #fff; box-shadow: 0 0 20px rgba(0, 123, 255, 0.4); transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease; }
        .research-card:hover .card-icon-container { transform: rotate(-15deg); box-shadow: 0 0 30px rgba(0, 123, 255, 0.6); }
        .card-title { font-size: 1.5rem; font-weight: 600; margin: 0 0 15px 0; color: #003a70; }
        .card-description { font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.7; color: #5a6268; flex-grow: 1; margin-bottom: 20px; }
        .card-link { font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 600; color: #007bff; text-decoration: none; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; transition: color 0.3s ease, letter-spacing 0.3s ease; cursor: pointer; }
        .card-link i { margin-left: 8px; transition: transform 0.3s ease; }
        .card-link:hover { color: #0056b3; letter-spacing: 0.5px; }
        .card-link:hover i { transform: translateX(5px); }

        /* --- Modal Styles (with Gallery Additions) --- */
        .modal-overlay { position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7); z-index: 100000000000; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; transition: opacity 0.3s ease; }
        .modal-overlay.active { opacity: 1; pointer-events: auto; }
        .modal-container { background-color: #fff; border-radius: 15px; box-shadow: 0 10px 40px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); width: 90%; max-width: 800px; max-height: 90vh; overflow-y: auto; position: relative; padding: 40px; transform: scale(0.95); transition: transform 0.3s ease; }
        .modal-overlay.active .modal-container { transform: scale(1); }
        .modal-close-btn { position: absolute; top: 15px; right: 20px; font-size: 2.5rem; font-weight: 300; color: #888; background: none; border: none; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1; transition: color 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease; }
        .modal-close-btn:hover { color: #333; transform: rotate(90deg); }
        .modal-header { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 20px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e9ecef; padding-bottom: 20px; margin-bottom: 25px; }
        .modal-icon-container { font-size: 2rem; width: 60px; height: 60px; flex-shrink: 0; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; border-radius: 50%; background: linear-gradient(45deg, #007bff, #0056b3); color: #fff; }
        #modal-title { font-size: 2rem; font-weight: 600; color: #003a70; margin: 0; }
        .modal-content { line-height: 1.8; color: #495057; }
        .modal-content p { margin-bottom: 15px; }
        .modal-content h3 { font-size: 1.2rem; color: #0056b3; margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 10px; border-left: 3px solid #007bff; padding-left: 10px; }
        .modal-content ul { list-style-type: none; padding-left: 15px; }
        .modal-content li { position: relative; padding-left: 25px; margin-bottom: 8px; }
        .modal-content li::before { content: '\f00c'; font-family: 'Font Awesome 6 Free'; font-weight: 900; color: #007bff; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 4px; }
        
        /* --- ✨ START: NEW GALLERY STYLES --- */
        .modal-gallery {
            margin-top: 30px;
            padding-top: 30px;
            border-top: 1px solid #e9ecef;
        }
        .modal-gallery h3 {
            margin-top: 0; /* Remove extra top margin for the gallery title */
        }
        .gallery-grid {
            display: grid;
            grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr));
            gap: 15px;
        }
        .gallery-grid img {
            width: 100%;
            height: auto;
            border-radius: 8px;
            box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
            cursor: pointer;
            transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
        }
        .gallery-grid img:hover {
            transform: scale(1.05);
            box-shadow: 0 8px 25px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
        }
        /* --- ✨ END: NEW GALLERY STYLES --- */

        /* --- Responsive Design --- */
        @media (max-width: 900px) { .header-content { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; text-align: left; } .header-title-column h1 { font-size: 3rem; } }
        @media (max-width: 768px) { .research-topics-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } #modal-title { font-size: 1.5rem; } .modal-container { padding: 25px; } }
    
































/**********************************************************Footer section*******************************************************************/

/******************************************************* Footer Styling ************************************************************/
footer {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #595959, #323233,#060606); /* Gradient Background */
    color: white;
    padding: 20px;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between; /* Keeps contact, clock, and map in one row */
    align-items: center; /* Centers everything vertically */
    border-radius: 15px;
    width: 100%;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

/* Contact Info */
.contact-info {
    flex: 1;
    text-align: left;
}












/* Right Section: Map */
.map {
    text-align: right;
}

.map iframe {
    width: 30vw;  /* Ensures it adapts inside the footer */
    height: 200px; /* Adjust this as needed */
    border-radius: 15px; /* Keeps rounded corners */
}


@keyframes spin {
    from { transform: rotate(0deg); }
    to { transform: rotate(360deg); }
}




.map img {
    border-radius: 15px; /* Rounded corners for the map */
}

/* Styles for the digital clock are included in the body of the HTML */


.rounded-social-buttons {
    
    text-align: left;
}

.rounded-social-buttons .social-button {
    display: inline-block;
    position: relative;
    cursor: pointer;
    width: 3.125rem;
    height: 3.125rem;
    border: 0.125rem solid transparent;
    padding: 0;
    text-decoration: none;
    text-align: center;
    color: #fefefe;
    font-size: 1.5625rem;
    line-height: 2em;
    border-radius: 1.6875rem;
    transition: all 0.5s ease;
    margin-right: 0.25rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

.rounded-social-buttons .social-button:hover, .rounded-social-buttons .social-button:focus {
    transform: rotate(360deg);
    color: #fefefe;
    background: transparent;
    border-color: #fefefe;
}

.rounded-social-buttons .fa-linkedin, .google-scholar img {
    font-size: 25px;
}

.rounded-social-buttons .social-button.linkedin {
    background: #007bb5;
}

.rounded-social-buttons .social-button.linkedin:hover, .rounded-social-buttons .social-button.linkedin:focus {
    color: #007bb5;
    background: #fefefe;
    border-color: #007bb5;
}

.rounded-social-buttons .social-button.google-scholar {
    background: black;
}

.rounded-social-buttons .social-button.google-scholar:hover, .rounded-social-buttons .social-button.google-scholar:focus {
    color: black;
    background: #fefefe;
    border-color: black;
}

.clock-container {
    margin-top: 30px;
    background-color: #080808;
    border-radius: 15px;
    padding: 20px;
    box-shadow: 1px 1px 5px rgba(255,255,255,0.15),
                0 15px 90px 30px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    color: white;
    font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;
    transform: translateX(-50px);
}
  
  .clock-col {
    text-align: center;
    margin: 0 8px;
    min-width: 80px;
    position: relative;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
  }
  
  .clock-col:not(:last-child)::after {
    content: ':';
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5);
    font-size: 2rem;
    position: absolute;
    top: 20%;
    right: -14px;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
  }
  
  .clock-timer {
    font-size: 2rem;
    margin: 0;
    line-height: 1;
  }
  
  .clock-label {
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    margin-top: 6px;
  }
  
  .clock-col:last-child::after {
    display: none;
  }
  

.site-footer {
    width: 100%;
    background-color: #2f0aa000; /* Dark footer background */
    color: #ffffff;            /* White text */
    text-align: center;
    padding: 15px 10px;
    font-size: 1.0rem;
    position: relative;
    bottom: 0;
    margin-top: 50px;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
}

.designer-credit {
    text-align: right;
    font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-size: 15px;
    color: #f1f1f1;
    padding: 12px 25px;
    background-color: #33333300;
    border-bottom-left-radius: 15px;
    border-bottom-right-radius: 15px;
    margin-top: -8px;
    
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

.designer-credit strong {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #ffd166;
    text-shadow: 0 0 5px rgba(255, 209, 102, 0.4);
}

.designer-credit a {
    color: #66c2ff;
    text-decoration: none;
    margin-left: 6px;
    transition: color 0.3s ease;
}

.designer-credit a:hover {
    color: #ffffff;
    text-shadow: 0 0 6px #66c2ff;
}












/* Styling for the new Visitor Counter */
.visitor-counter-container {
    display: flex;
    margin-right: 200px;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    background: linear-gradient(145deg, #1e1e1e, #121212);
    padding: 25px 40px;
    border-radius: 20px;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4), 
                inset 0 0 15px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05);
    color: #fff;
    width: 320px;       /* Explicit width ensures alignment */
    height: 180px;      /* Explicit height ensures alignment */
    text-align: center;
    font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    box-sizing: border-box; /* Ensures padding is included in width/height */
}

.counter-icon {
    font-size: 2rem;
    color: #ffd166; /* Accent color */
    margin-bottom: 5px; /* Reduce if too much spacing */
}

.counter-number {
    font-size: 3rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1;
    margin-top: 0; /* Reset margin */
    margin-bottom: 0; /* Reset margin */
    text-shadow: 0 0 5px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4),
                 0 0 10px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3),
                 0 0 20px rgba(255, 209, 102, 0.3);
}

.counter-label {
    font-size: 1rem;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
    letter-spacing: 1px;
    margin-top: 5px; /* Adjust spacing if necessary */
    text-transform: uppercase;
}