Total Credits: 168

Syllabus of first two semesters have been approved by senate

Syllabus

Semester III

PH 501 Electrodynamics II  3-1-0-8

Electromagnetic waves in conducting medium: reflection and transmission, frequency dependence of permittivity, permeability and conductivity, electrons in conductors and plasma; Wave Guides: waves between parallel conductors, TE and TM waves, rectangular and cylindrical wave guides, resonant cavities; Radiating Systems and Multipole fields: retarded potential, field and radiation of a localized oscillating source, electric dipole fields and radiation, quadrupole fields, multipole expansion, energy and angular momentum, multipole radiations; Scattering: scattering at long wavelengths, perturbation theory, Rayleigh scattering; Radiation by Moving Charges: Lienard Wiechert potential, radiation by nonrelativistic and relativistic charges, angular distribution of radiations, distribution of frequency and energy, Thomson's scattering, bremsstrahlung in Coulomb collisions; Relativistic Electrodynamics: covariant formalism of Maxwell's equations, transformation laws and their physical significance, relativistic generalization of Larmor's formula, relativistic formulation of radiation by single moving charge.

Texts:

References:

1. H J W Muller Kirsten, Electrodynamics, World Scientific (2011).

2. E. C. Jordan and K. G. Balmain, Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems, Prentice Hall (1995).

3. J. Schwinger et aI., Classical Electrodynamics, Perseus Books (1998).

4. G. S. Smith, Classical Electromagnetic Radiation, Cambridge (1997).

5. R.P. Feynman, The Feynmann lectures on Physics: Volume II, Milennial Edition, Pearson (2012)

6. D.J.Griffiths, Introduction to Electrodynamics, 4^th Edition, Pearson (2015)

PH 503: Atomic and Molecular Physics 3-1-0-8

One electron atoms: Free particle Dirac Equation, Dirac Equation with electromagnetic coupling: Darwin term, spin-orbit, relativistic corrections, Zeeman and Pashchen Back effects; Lamb shift, Magnetic hyperfine interactions; Two electron atoms: Symmetry of wave functions, electron spins, Pauli exclusion principle, Approximate methods, Energy levels, the spectrum of Helium atom. Observation of Zeeman splitting using Fabry Perot interferometer; Many electron atoms: Central field approximation, Hartee Fock method, configuration interaction; Electronic configurations and coupling of angular momenta: coupling schemes, vector-model, electronic configurations and atomic states; Interactions between atoms and radiation: transition probabilities, Stimulated and spontaneous emission, absorption, selection rules: Einstein coefficients, magnetic quantum number, parity, spin; spectra of alkali atoms, multiplet structure; Molecular structure: molecular potential; Born-Oppenheimer approximation, diatomic molecules, electronic angular momenta; approximate methods: linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) approach; states for hydrogen molecular ion; shapes and term symbols for simple molecules; Molecular spectra: rotational, vibrational, electronic, Raman and Infra-red spectra of diatomic molecules; electronic and nuclear spins, Frank-Condon principle and selection rules; Spectroscopic techniques: Raman spectroscopy of Carbon-tetrachloride, IR spectroscopy, optical cooling and trapping of atoms.  

Texts:

1. B.H.Bransden and C.J.Joachain, Physics of atoms and molecules, 2^nd Ed. Pearson (2008).
2. C.N.Banwell and E.M.McCash, Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy, 4^th Ed., Tata McGraw (2004).
3. H.E.White, Introduction to Atomic spectra, Tata McGraw Hill (2019).

References:

1. M. Weissbluth, Atoms and molecules, Academic Press (1978).
2. W. S. Struve, Fundamentals of Molecular spectroscopy, John Wiley (1999)
3. W. Demtroder, Atoms, Molecules and Photons, 2^nd Ed., Springer (2010).
4. C.J.Foot, Atomic Physics, Oxford University Press (2005).
5. G.K.Woodgate, Elementary Atomic Structure, Clarendon Press (1989).

PH505: Solid State Physics (3-1-0-8)

Crystal structures: Point group and space group, Bravais lattice, reciprocal lattice, Brillouin zone, Miller indices, Bragg and Laue diffractions, structure factor; Lattice vibration and thermal properties: Lattice vibrations in harmonic approximation, dispersion relations in monatomic and diatomic chains, optical and acoustic modes, concept of Brillouin zone, phonons, crystal momentum, dispersion relations in three dimensional systems, Einstein and Debye theory of specific heat, Anharmonic effects, thermal expansion; Electronic properties: Sommerfeld model of free electrons, Electrons in a periodic potential, Nearly free electron model, Bloch’s theorem, Kronig-Penny model, Tight binding model, band theory, effective mass, concept of hole, classification of metal, insulator and semiconductor, Fermi surface of metals, de Haas-Van Alphen effect, Shubnikov de Haas Oscillations, semiconductors: intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, mobility and electrical conductivity, Hall effect, statistics of semiconductors; Dielectric properties: General properties of dielectrics: Polarization and Fundamental equation of dielectrics (Clausius-Mosotti equation).  Polarization mechanisms in dielectrics: induced, orientational, electronic, ionic, interfacial and lattice polarizations; combined mechanisms. Relaxation (Debye & non-Debye) mechanisms in dielectrics. Dielectric breakdown.  Ferro, pyro, piezo-electricity: phenomenology, theory and applications; Magnetic properties: Classical and quantum models of diamagnetism, quantum theory of Paramagnetism, Lande g factor, Hund’s rule, crystal field effect, Curie law, concepts of Ferro, Ferri and antiferromagnetism, Neel temperature, Heisenberg model and exchange interaction, spin waves and magnon dispersions, Ferromagnetic domains; Superconductivity: Introduction to superconductivity, London equations, Temperature dependence of the critical field and the critical current, Coherence length and the penetration depth, Type-I and type-II superconductors, A description of the normal state, elements of the BCS theory, energy gap and Tc. 

Texts: 

1. C. Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics, 8th ed; John Wiley & Sons (2005).

2.  N. W. Ashcroft and N. D. Mermin, Solid State Physics, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd.. (2003).

References:

1. Philip Hofmann, Solid State Physics: An Introduction, 2nd Edition (2015).

2. J.D. Patterson and B.C. Bailey, Solid State Physics,  Springer (2007).

3. M. S. Rogalski and S. B. Palmer, Solid State Physics,  Gordon and Breach Science

Publishers (2001). 
 

PH507: Nuclear and Particle Physics (3-0-0-6)

Nuclear properties: radius, size, shape: scattering experiments, form factors; mass, spin, isospin, moments, abundance of nuclei, binding energy, semi-empirical mass formula, excited states. Nuclear forces: Nature of nuclear forces, deuteron, n-n and p-p interaction; Yukawa hypothesis. Nuclear Models: Liquid drop model; Fermi gas model; Shell model and its predictions: spin-parity, moments, magic numbers. Nuclear decay and radioactivity: Radioactive decay, Energetics of decay; Alpha decay, tunneling probability; Beta decay, decay rate and beta spectrum, parity violation; Gamma decay, selection rules, counting statistic and Geiger-Muller counter; Radioactive dating. Nuclear reactions: Conservation laws, energetics of reactions, nuclear scattering, Rutherford scattering; Nuclear fission and nuclear fusion, nuclear reactors. Particle accelerators and detectors: electrostatic accelerators, cyclotron, synchrotron;  linear accelerators, fixed target and colliding beam accelerators, circular colliders. Fundamental forces and particles: Fundamental forces and elementary particles, symmetries: discrete, continuous and conservation laws; Properties of quarks and leptons; Properties of mesons and baryons; Quark model, concept of colour charge. Gauge symmetry: Gauge symmetry in electrodynamics, conservation laws from gauge symmetries; Particle interactions and introduction to Feynman diagrams.

Texts:

1. K. S. Krane, Introductory Nuclear Physics, John Wiley (1988).

References:

1. R. R. Roy and B. P. Nigam, Nuclear Physics: Theory and Experiment, New Age (1967).

1. A. Das and T. Ferbel, Introduction to nuclear and particle physics, John Wiley (1994).

1. K. Heyde, Basic Ideas and Concepts in Nuclear Physics: An Introductory Approach, Third Edition (Series in Fundamental and Applied Nuclear Physics), CRC Press (2004).

1. M. A. Preston and R. K. Bhaduri, Structure of the nucleus,  Addison-Wesley (1975).
2. I. S. Hughes, Elementary Particles, Cambridge (1991).
3. F. Halzen and A. D. Martin, Quarks and Leptons, John Wiley (1984).

1. D. Perkins, Introduction to High Energy Pysics, Cambridge University Press; 4th edition (2000)

PH511: General Physics Lab II (0-0-6-6)

The following experiments in general physics, condensed matter physics and optics would be performed.

General Physics: LCR Circuit Forced damped oscillator, emission spectra of gases

Condensed Matter Physics: P-N junction properties with biasing and temperature variations, electron spin resonance spectrum, magnetic hysteresis loop, ferroelectric transition, dielectric constant of liquids.

Optics: Polarization and Brewster angle, numerical aperture of optical fibre, solar cells, Michelson interferometer, absorption spectroscopy in liquids, Fabry-Perot interferometer. 

References:

1. R. A. Dunlop, Experimental Physics, Oxford University Press (1988).

2. A. C. Melissinos, Experiments in Modern Physics, Academic Press (1996).

3. E. Hecht, Optics, Addison-Wesley, 4th edition (2001).

4. J Varma, Nuclear Physics Experiments, New Age Publishers (2001).

5. Laboratory Manual with details about the experiments.

Semester IV

PH 516 Advanced Physics Lab 0-0-6-6

Atomic spectra by constant deviation spectrometer; polarization, Fraunhoffer and Bragg diffraction using microwave,; Holography:  construction of the hologram and reconstruction of the object beam; Zeeman effect; X ray diffraction; Radioactive decay: counting statistics; optical fiber: mode field diameter and numerical aperture, bend loss measurement; superconducting, ferroelectric and ferromagnetic transition, characterisation of quantum dot structures.

References:

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