BT 206	Microbiology	3-0-0-6
Pre-requisites: NIL Syllabus Introduction to microbiology and study of microorganisms: Scope of Microbiology; History of Microbiology: Spontaneous generation; Germ theory of diseases; Cell theory; Contributions of Antonie van Leuwenhoek, Joseph Lister, Robert Koch, Louis Pasteur, Edward Jenner, John Tyndall, Sergei N. Winogradsky, Alexander Fleming, etc; Microbial cell structure and function: General account of cell size, arrangement, shape; capsule, slime, pili, spores; structure and function of gram negative & gram-positive cell wall and membrane; periplasmic space; brief account of viruses; mycoplasma, eukaryotic microbes. Microbial taxonomy: Taxonomy: principle and its types; classical approach: numerical, chemical, serological and genetic; bacterial taxonomy: Bergey's manual of Systematic Bacteriology (eubacteria and archaebacteria) Methods and techniques in Microbiology: Microscopy: Principles; light microscope, phase contrast, dark field, bright field, fluorescent, interference microscope (stereo microscope); confocal microscopy; electron microscope (TEM and SEM). Nutrition, growth and culturing: Microbiological media, composition and types; selective and differential media; growth curve, growth kinetics; influence of environmental factors on microbial growth; nutritional groups of bacteria; overview estimation of microbes - direct microscopic count, turbidometric assay; indirect method - CO2 liberation, protein estimation; sterilization and disinfection. Microbial metabolism: Carbohydrate catabolism; anaerobic respiration, fermentation; protein and lipid catabolism; biosynthesis of purines, pyramidines, peptidoglycan, amino acids, lipids. Microbial genetics: DNA replication in bacteria, fundamentals of gene regulation; mutations and DNA repair; plasmids, transformation, conjugation, transduction; Fundamentals of microbial genomics, metagenomics; Introduction to metagenomics; Scope and applications of genomics and metagenomics;. Applications/Role of microbes: Applications in agriculture; environment; industry; health and disease. microbe interactions; mechanisms of pathogenicity. Text Books 1.G. Tortora, B. Funke and C. Case,Microbiology,An Introduction (International Edition), 8th Ed, Pearson Education, 2003. 2. M. Madigan, J. Martinko ad J. Parker, Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 10th Ed, Prentice Hall, 2002. References 1. R. Y. Stanier, J. L. Ingraham, M.L. Wheelis and P. R. Painter, General Microbiology, 5^th Ed, Macmillan Press, 1987. 2. L. M. Prescott, J. P. Harley and D. A. Klein, Microbiology, 6^th Ed, McGraw Hill, 2005. 3. J. G. Black, Microbiology: Principles & Explorations. 5^th Ed, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2002. Benjamin Lewin, Genes VIII (International Edition), Pearson Education, 2004.