BT 204	Genetics	3-0-0-6
Pre-requisites: NIL Syllabus Genes, chromosome and heredity: Gene-fundamental unit of heredity; Chromosome structure and function; DNA-the genetic material; Molecular organization of chromosomes. Cell division and cell cycle: Mitosis; Meiosis; Genetic consequences of cell cycle. Chromosome mutations : Types of mutations; Numerical changes in chromosome: euploidy, aneuploidy; Structural changes in chromosomes: duplications, deletions, inversions, translocations. Linkage, crossing over and chromosome mapping: Basic principles, Exception to Mendelian law of independent assortment; linkage intensity: calculating recombination frequency, coupling and repulsion linkages; Crossing over as physical basis of recombination; Gene mapping and recombination frequencies. Sex determination and Sex-linked characteristics: Chromosomal sex-determining systems; Genic sex-determining systems; Environmental sex-determination; Sex determination in Drosophila melanogaster; Sex determination in Humans; Sex determination in plants; Sex-linked, Sex-influenced and Sex limited traits; Dosage compensation, Y-linked characteristics. Quantitative Genetics: Quantitative traits; polygenic inheritance; Statistical methods to analyze quantitative characteristics: the mean, the variance and standard deviation, correlation, regression. Population Genetics: Allelic frequency; Hardy-Weinberg Law and its applications; Natural selection; Mutation; Genetic drift; Migration Basic principles of heredity: Mendelian genetics: Mendel's experiments, genetic terminology; Mendel's laws of genetics: monohybrid crosses, dihybrid crosses; Deviations of Mendel's ratios; Genetic interactions: epistasis, pleiotropy, penetrance and expressivity, multiple alleles. Text Books 1. Klug W. S., Cummings M.R. and Spencer C.A. Concepts of Genetics (8th Ed.). Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA, 2006. 2. Gardner E. J., Simmons M. J. and Snustad D. P. Principles of Genetics (8th Ed.). John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Singapore, 2006 Reference 1. Selected papers from scientific journals, particularly Nature & Science.